Pašattīroši audumi: kas tie ir un kāpēc tādi nepieciešami?
Abstract
Pašattīroši audumi ir tekstilmateriāli, kuriem piemīt spēja ārēju vides faktoru iedarbībā atbrīvot savu virsmu no dažādiem piesārņojumiem. Šādi audumi ļauj samazināt ūdens un enerģijas patēriņu, kas saistīts ar drēbju mazgāšanu, samazināt infekciju risku, pateicoties to biocīdām īpašībām, kā arī pasargā cilvēkus no UV starojuma. Papildus tam šādus audumus arī būtu grūtāk saslapināt; tas mūsdienu mitrajā klimatā samazinātu diskomfortu no salijušām drēbēm. Šādus efektus pašattīroši audumi iegūtu ar tādiem mehānismiem kā fotokatalīze un superhidrofobitāte. Lai audumi iegūtu augstāk minētās īpašības, piemērotākie ir ZnO un TiO2 nanodaļiņu veidotie pārklājumi. Savukārt pārklājumu ieguvei jāizmanto sola-gēla metode, kas sniedz iespēju izveidot homogēnus pārklājumus pie temperatūrām, kuras iztur organiskas dabas materiāli. Kopš 2011. gada ar šādu audumu izstrādi ir nodarbojies Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes Dizaina tehnoloģiju institūts. Kopš 2016. gada ar šādiem pārklājumiem nodarbojas arī Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes Silikātu materiālu institūtā. Izmantojot savas gadu desmitu laikā iegūtās zināšanas sola-gēla tehnoloģijā un nanostrukturētu pārklājumu ieguvē, sekmīgi uzsākti pētījumi rūpnieciski izmantojamu tehnoloģiju izstrādei kokvilnas audumiem.
Self-Cleaning Fabrics: What Are They and How Are They Used?
Self-cleaning fabrics are textile materials, which under the influence of various external environmental factors have the ability to rid their surface from various contaminants. Such fabrics make it possible to reduce water and energy consumption associated with washing clothes, to reduce the risk of infections due to their biocidal properties, and to protect people from UV radiation. In addition, such fabrics would also be more difficult to wet. This would reduce the possibility of wet clothes in damp climates. Such effects by self-cleaning fabrics could be achieved through mechanisms of photocatalysis and superhydrophobicity. To develop textiles with above mentioned properties, the most suitable approach is the deposition of coatings formed by ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles. In turn, the sol-gel method should be used to obtain coatings. This would make it possible to create homogeneous coatings at temperatures that organic materials can withstand. Institute of Design Technologies, Riga Technical University, has been working on the development of such fabrics since 2011. The research in the field of such coatings at the Institute of Silicate Materials, Riga Technical University, has been performed since 2016. Thanks to decades long research in sol-gel technology and nanostructured coatings, the development of commercially available technologies for cotton fabrics has been successfully launched at the Institute of Silicate Materials.
Keywords: self-cleaning fabrics, sol-gel method, TiO2, ZnO
Keywords: |
pašattīroši audumi; sola-gēla metode; TiO2; ZnO
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DOI: 10.7250/msac-2018-0011
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