Synthesis and Applications of (-)-(S)-3-Aminoquinuclidine- Derived Thiourea

Evija Rolava, Māris Turks

Abstract


A synthesis of enantiopure thiourea organocatalyst based on (-)-(S)-3-aminoquinuclidine dihydrochloride was developed with quantitative product yield. The catalyst was tested in different reactions: asymmetric Michael addition of ketones and malonates to nitroalkenes, nitromethane 1,4-addition to trans-chalcone, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with trans-β-nitrostyrene. The novel thiourea proved to catalyze the aforementioned reactions and expected products were obtained in mediocre yields and low enantioselectivities.


Keywords:

aminoquinuclidine, bifunctional thiourea organocatalysts, asymmetric synthesis, Chiralpak IA.

Full Text:

PDF

References


a) Bertelsen, S., Jørgensen, K.A. Organocatalysis – after the gold rush. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, vol. 38, pp. 2178–2189; http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B903816G b) MacMillan, D. W. C. The Advent and Development of Organocatalysis. Nature 2008, vol. 455, pp. 304–308; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07367 c) Dalko, P.I. Asymmetric Organocatalysis: A New Stream in Organic Synthesis. In: Enantioselective Organocatalysis: Reactions and Experimental Procedures; Dalko, P. I., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2007, vol. 1, pp. 1–17; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527610945.ch1 d) List, B., Yang, J.W. The Organic Approach to Asymmetric Catalysis. Science 2006, vol. 313, pp. 1584–1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1131945

a) Kotke, M., Schreiner, P.R. (Thio)urea Organocatalysts. In Hydrogen Bonding in Organic Synthesis; Pihko, P.M., Eds.; Wiley: Weinheim, 2009, vol. 6, pp. 141–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527627844.ch6 b) Pihko, P.M. Activation of Carbonyl Compounds by Double Hydrogen Bonding: An Emerging Tool in Asymmetric Catalysis. Angew. Chem. 2004, vol. 43, pp. 2062–2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200301732 c) Herrera, R.P., Sgarzani, V., Bernardi, L., Ricci, A. Catalytic Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Nitroalkenes by Using a Simple Thiourea Organocatalyst. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, vol. 44, pp. 6576–6579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200500227

Ono, N. The Nitro Group in Organic Synthesis; Wiley-VCH: New York, 2001.

Vakulya, B., Varga, S., Csámpai, A., Soós, T. Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to Chalcones Using Bifunctional Cinchona Organocatalysts. Org. Lett. 2005, vol. 7, pp. 1967–1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol050431s

Maher, D.J., Connon, S.J. Acceleration of the DABCO-promoted Baylis–Hillman reaction using a recoverable H-bonding organocatalyst. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, vol. 45, pp. 1301–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.062

Schneider, J.F., Lauber, M.B., Muhr, V., Kratzer, D., Paradies, J. Readily available hydrogen bond catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of nitroolefins. Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011, vo, 9, pp. 4323–4327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1OB05059A

Jensen, K, H.; Sigman, M. S., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, vol. 46, pp. 4748–4750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200700298

Li, H., Wang, Y., Tang, L., Deng, L. Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Malonate and β-Ketoester to Nitroalkenes: Asymmetric C−C Bond Formation with New Bifunctional Organic Catalysts Based on Cinchona Alkaloids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, vol. 126, pp. 9906–9907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja047281l

Okino, T., Hoashi, Y., Furukawa, T., Xu, X., Takemoto, Y. Enantioand Diastereoselective Michael Reaction of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Thiourea. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, vol. 127, pp. 119–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja044370p

Evans, D.A., Mito, S., Seidel, D. Scope and Mechanism of Enantioselective Michael Additions of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds to Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Nickel(II)−Diamine Complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, vol. 129, pp. 11583–11592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0735913




DOI: 10.7250/msac.2015.002

Copyright (c)